November 21, 2023 A War Against Ice

The Liberty Gazette

November 21, 2023

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: My first cross country air race was nearly 16 years ago. The four-day race began in Bozeman, Montana, and ended in Mansfield, Massachusetts, with seven mandatory check-ins in between. Our first timed fly-by after launching out of Bozeman was Miles City, Montana. After fueling, we took off, crossing over the Yellowstone River, which flows between the airport and the town, and raced toward Aberdeen, South Dakota, the next checkpoint. It was that very river that, 64 years before, had drawn a different kind of race – a race against time.

The 1943-44 Montana winter was about average, and the weekend of March 17-18 was normal, untilSunday evening, March 19, when Spring’s thaw came out of the gate like a triple crown champion. The quick heating caused ice to break up, sending chunks careening down Yellowstone River. Ice jams began to form, increasing as they collided with ice from a tributary, the Tongue River. The five-mile-long jam caused severe flash flooding and hasty evacuations. Between the time evacuations began and when first responders were on the move, the river rose to 19.3 feet, 15 feet higher than normal. There were many boat rescues as an entire square mile of Miles City, population 7,300, was completely flooded. 

On Monday, Mayor Layton Key called local pilots, who, with permission from the feds and explosives from a coal mining company tossed 12 homemade bombs out of a Piper Cub. But they only dislodged a small amount of ice. They’d have to step up their defense with bigger bombs and bigger planes. The mayor called the governor and asked him to contact the Army. 

Blizzard conditions and low clouds prevented use of a dive bomber. Their last hope lay in the high-altitude crews training at the Rapid City air base. On Tuesday, ten Army volunteers fused and loaded 250-pound bombs onto a B17 and took off into instrument conditions. The weather was so bad, they couldn’t see out of the airplane. Picking up a local pilot in Miles City, they took off again around 5:30 pm, ready for war against the ice. 

The first bomb, a test, seemed to go in the right direction, but they couldn’t tell whether it broke up the ice dam. The bombs had a delayed fuse; they would explode under water. The B17 crew made a few more passes, dropping six more bombs each time. Finally, a 150-foot plume of ice, mud, and water exploded from Yellowstone River. Within an hour, the water was draining, leaving shard-peppered ice along its banks. The operation was a success! 

By midnight, the river had dropped three feet. Mayor Key put the bomber crews up at his hotel and fed them steak dinners in gratitude. By Wednesday morning, the Yellowstone was back within its banks, and the crew of the B17 wagged their wings on a low pass over the town as they headed back to Rapid City in the only U.S. bomber asked to bomb a U.S. city during the Second World War. 

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