October 25, 2022 Hey there, laddie, toss me a caber!

The Liberty Gazette

October 25, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: If every month could be October! Cooler weather, harvest time, fall flavors and colors, and festivals! We’ve been to the Texas Renaissance Festival, but this year, we experienced our first real Scottish Highland Games. 

Our Friday morning flight to Stone Mountain, Georgia, in the Elyminator required one fuel stop. We picked Meridian, Mississippi, as they usually have comparatively low fuel prices. It’s a naval aviation training base, and the FBO caters to military customers and civilians alike with free popcorn and ice cream as well as large and luxurious pilot accommodations. But we just wanted the “cheap” fuel. 

Mike flew the first leg, so leaving Meridian was mine. I happened to tell the tower I was ready to taxi just moments ahead of a swarm of T-45 jet trainers, heading out together for a practice party in the sky. As I pulled up to the hold-short line, which is just before turning onto the runway, I turned around and looked behind us to see the little group of jets following close behind. Having spent so much of the last three weeks at home with three rescue dogs who are always at my heels, it almost felt as though we hadn’t dropped everyone off at the sitter’s. 

The Stone Mountain Highland Games did not disappoint. Pro and amateur athletic competitions drew some awesomely strong men and women competing separately in sheaf throwing and caber toss as well as throwing heavy stones (like the shot put). 

Falconers brought their hawks, and Carol Anne Bailey from Red Creek Farm in South Carolina let her border collies show how smart they are, herding sheep and ducks through obstacle courses. 

We walked the paths through the forest to see 91 Scottish clans representing their heritage at tent stations. Throughout the park, we could hear several Pipe and Drum bands as they marched and played familiar tunes. I particularly loved the fiddle tent, where we found a relaxed and intimate atmosphere to hang out and tap to the beat of great fiddle music. Since I can never get enough of it, we also bought tickets to the Saturday night Ceilidh (pronounced kay-lee), a traditional Scottish shindig that includes Scottish country dancing, which is a little like square dancing, but without a caller. 

And the kids – oh, the kids! Highland dancers amaze me. They are athletic and graceful and so much fun to watch.

I was especially grateful for the Sunday morning worship service, and the name of Jesus being proclaimed at this public event. Truly beautiful.

Of course, there was whisky and so many men in kilts. Whether or not Mike wore one may remain a secret. All I can say is I don’t have pictures.

The weather was pretty bad here Monday morning when we left the Atlanta area, but fortunately cleared up before we arrived. I do love my Scottish heritage and the Renaissance era. The only thing they didn’t have then was airplanes. The rest of today’s world I could do without.

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

October 18, 2022 Our Muscles Remember

The Liberty Gazette

October 18, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: One time I was sitting “in the back” of an airliner – where passengers sit – perusing the latest Hammacher Schlemmer catalog, when I happened upon a thumbnail image under a title that got my attention. The picture was small, so I put my thumb and forefinger on it and tried to expand it. Yes, I did. Muscle memory. When we do something routine, we tend to almost do it, even if it’s not in the right situation. 

When I was training for my instrument rating, I thought I was the only one obsessed with focusing on speed limit signs when driving, to be at the exact speed posted when I was abeam a new speed limit sign. I learned that this type of thing is not so uncommon among pilots. That is, we tend to encounter the memories embedded in our muscles, which can be amusing when driving a car.

For example, when driving home after work, a pilot who works for a skydiving company routinely fights the muscle memory to pull the lever for the flaps every time she approaches a roundabout. The roundabout triggers a similar feeling, where her mind is programmed that this is the time to pull up the flaps.

I have wished I could kick the rudder and lower the aileron in a strong crosswind while driving. Especially on a high bridge, like the Fred Hartman. Did you know that if you could make your car take off while driving toward Houston on the Fred Hartman, that you would end up right over the LaPorte airport? It points right to it.

And you boaters will appreciate the thought of “trimming.” Air behaves like water, so it’s no surprise that aviation has much in common with, and much derived from nautical protocols. To improve performance and fuel economy, you trim your boat, raising or lowering the bow, to make the boat more efficient in the water. Likewise, we move the trim wheel on an airplane to adjust the aerodynamic forces on the wings and elevators (the smaller “wings” at the rear of the airplane), which helps us maintain level flight without additional effort. Moving that trim wheel is something we do often during flight, so it can be hard to set that aside once we hop in the car. 

Entering an interstate brings that idea to another level. Increasing speed so that I’m merging smoothly with the traffic makes the pilot mind think of “V1, rotate.” V1 is the speed at which you make a decision in a multi-engine airplane. Traveling fast down the runway, about to lift off, once you surpass a certain speed, if you lose an engine, you have to know whether you would be better off continuing or aborting the take-off. It depends on many factors, one being the amount of runway still in front of you for landing. The decision must be quick, and muscle memory is critical – more important than trying to expand an image on paper.

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

October 11, 2022 Pilot Life

The Liberty Gazette

October 11, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: We’re on a roll from last week’s reflections on the language and lifestyle of pilots. One of the cool benefits of flying commercially is having a job that allows you to dine in Europe and be back the next day–and be paid to do it! Recreational flyers not to be outdone can boast about taxiing up to an airport restaurant for lunch. We just jump out and go in to eat. Loads of fun, especially when we take non-pilot friends. 

Mike: Another occurrence typical of this field is running into friends at airports across the country or across the globe. I crossed paths with a pilot I hadn’t seen in years while walking into the customs office at Toronto’s Peterson International Airport. Ironically, I had just been telling my co-pilot about this pilot on the flight there. We pointed at each other and shouted to our respective crew, “That’s the guy I was talking about!” Turns out, he too related our exploits to his co-pilot while flying across Africa the week before.

 

Linda: Here’s a fun one: “chocks out.” When on an airliner, or waiting to board, have you ever watched the line crew? They’re the ones wearing orange safety vests and headphones, buzzing around the jets. Standing in front of the airplane, looking up at the pilots, they hold their fists together, pinkie-sides touching, thumbs pointing out, then they pull their fists away in the direction their thumbs are pointing. They are confirming the pilot’s same gesture, which is the instruction that they’re ready for the ground crew to pull out the chocks. Chocks are like small parking curbs. They’re placed in front and behind the airplane’s tires to keep it from rolling. Funny story I heard from an airline couple. When not working, if they were in a noisy bar, when they were ready to leave, they signaled “chocks out.” An easy way to confirm that it’s time to blow that popsicle stand. 

Here's another one. I sleep quite well through turbulence (when I’m not the one piloting the aircraft). However, when it comes to sleep, here’s the other side of it. I have had dreams about taking off and having to dodge powerlines or taxiing through narrow streets or tunnels without scraping the wingtips. This is pretty common among pilots. 

Another difference is the public’s perception of women pilots. For those of us in the industry, it’s a normal, everyday thing, but we aren’t allowed to forget for very long how different the world is outside ours. When I participate in non-aviation social events or meet people in settings other than flying, women usually respond with excitement, like how cool is that that you fly airplanes? But there have actually been some men that exclaim, “No way!” Even in today’s world. That, I cannot understand. My father wasn’t like that. I bite my tongue and refrain from asking if they reside in a town called Bedrock and are fond of the phrase, “Yabba Dabba Do!” 

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

October 4, 2022 Pilot Speak, Pilot Do

The Liberty Gazette

October 4, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: “Clear right,” I call out at an intersection when Mike is driving. This is one of the ways in which we communicate that is normalized for us (and the rest of the pilot world) but isn’t common outside of aviation. It comes as part of being a crew, helping each other. There’s a plethora of words used in aviation that raise eyebrows in ‘the real world.’

Like “Standby,” used in place of, hang on, when communicating with air traffic control or co-pilots. I get funny looks if I say this at a check-out counter while I’m digging in my purse. 

“Say again,” is the standard reply when asking an air traffic controller to repeat something. Some of them do talk awfully fast, so that phrase gets some use. It sounds much nicer than, “huh?”

We say things like, “negative” for no; “affirmative” for yes; “ready to copy” when we’re about to be given instructions; “disregard” instead of never mind; and “unable” for I’m not going to comply with your request. 

Recently, I replied to an email in which I was asked to do something with, “Wilco.” Unfortunately, the recipient isn’t a pilot, but I was still surprised he didn’t know. “What’s ‘wilco?’” he asked. “That’s short for ‘will comply,’” I explained. 

My favorite is “Departing the fix.” Mike and I text this to each other when one of us is leaving someplace to come home. 

Mike: Not all unusualness is in the words and phrases though. Some things fall into the broad category of “way of life” for pilots. For instance, situational awareness. It’s easy to understand why being aware of your location, heading, speed, and situation are all so important when flying. Generally speaking, it’s not that easy to just turn off that awareness. And why would we want to? 

We also know not to purchase an airline ticket with multi-leg flights when avoidable. Especially if a flight connects in Chicago’s O’Hare, New York’s LaGuardia, or Denver International. Even if a direct flight is more expensive, it’s worth the extra money to not risk being stuck, missing a connection. Unfortunately, it can be more difficult to avoid Heathrow, depending on where you’re going and the airline you choose. 

Arguably, one of the parts of this lifestyle that infiltrates “normal” life the most is that we check the weather – all the time, not just when flying. We tend to geek out on weather facts and forecasts, even though we’re not meteorologists. 

But one of the most tell-tale signs of a pilot is that we look up to the sky whenever we hear an aircraft – and identifying it when we see it (or sometimes just by the sound). It’s an automatic reaction. We spend so much of our lives up there, that when we’re on the ground and hear an engine, we want to see who’s in our playground.

It’s not always easy to leave work at the office. Then again, our office windows have the best views.

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

September 27, 2022 Gotta Love That Pilot Bob

The Liberty Gazette

September 27, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Mike: Many celebrities have learned to fly while preparing for roles or in support of their careers in entertainment. For some, aviation was their first love. Such was the case of actor Blade Stanhope Conway, who later went by Bryce Hutchens and then used his real name, Bob Cummings. He made 68 movies, starring in many of them, four stage productions, and 21 television appearances, including his own show from 1955–1959 named, appropriately, “The Bob Cummings Show.” It was later syndicated as “Love That Bob.”

Born Clarence Robert Orville Cummings in Joplin, Missouri, on June 9, 1910, Bob’s flight instructor was also his godfather, Orville Wright. Bob learned to fly in high school, making his first solo flight on March 3, 1927. He often gave airplane rides for $5 to his classmates and residents of Joplin. He also taught others to fly. At that time, there was not a separate certificate for flight instructors, so any commercial pilot could give flying lessons. Imagine being taught to fly by someone who learned from Orville Wright and had his signature on their pilot certificate! When the FAA finally got around to issuing separate flight instructor certificates, Bob Cummings received instructor certificate #1. 

Bob studied aeronautical engineering but had to drop out of college when Wall Street crashed in 1929. While in college, he acted in some stage productions and was bitten by the acting bug. He studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City, which paid male actors $14 a week (yes, they paid them to study acting – supply and demand).

After completing his training, he looked for work as an actor. He learned that three-quarters of the Broadway plays were English productions, so he cashed in a life insurance policy, bought a round-trip ticket to Britain, and explored the country by motorcycle. He worked on his English accent and invented the name Blade Stanhope Conway. Then he bribed a janitor at an English theater to post that name on the marquee and had his picture taken standing next to it. After sending out eighty of these pictures to agents in New York, he found he was in demand when he returned. He did something similar later, inventing the name Bryce Hutchens, who hailed from Texas. He became so good with different accents, it was almost a trademark. 

Flying, however, was always part of his life. When WWII broke out, Cummings started the first Civil Air Patrol squadron in California, at Glendale’s Grand Central Air Terminal. When that airport closed, the squadron moved to Whiteman Airpark just north of Burbank and still exists. For his CAP duties, he used his own airplane. In 1942, he joined the US Army Air Corps and became a military pilot instructor. 

Cummings owned several airplanes, all named Spinach – Spinach I, Spinach II, etc. That’s because he was also a health-food nut. He even wrote a book about it, called, “Stay Young and Vital.” You gotta love that Bob! 

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

September 20, 2022 Going Dutch

The Liberty Gazette

September 20, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: So there was one more thing about our short trip to Holland, Michigan. The quaint little downtown. Typically when traveling, besides airports, we look for good restaurants and coffee shops, art galleries, bookstores, and anything unique to the area. If we’re in town long enough, we’ll look for theater (stage) or musical performances to our taste. This was a quicker trip though, so there was only time to spend a day browsing the historic downtown streets and visit some of the shops. Despite the fact that we did not come during tulip blooming season, Holland did not disappoint.

All along 8th and 9th streets are over a hundred clean and neatly-kept businesses. At Readers’ World bookstore, the multi-tiered shelves were packed with fiction and nonfiction and children’s books. We could spend hours there. 

Lovely oil paintings by local artists hung at Lake Effect art gallery. I saw one that would be perfect on one of our living room walls. 

At Fustini’s Oils & Vinegars we cruised around the store and sampled from the plethora of flavored products. They have so many different choices, you could make 800 different pairings of oil and vinegar. We took home bottles of Michigan Apple, Blueberry, Fig, and Maple balsamic vinegars and olive oils infused with walnut and basil (not together, that’s two separate bottles). We packed up extras for our family visits the following week. By the way, “fustino” is Italian for “drums,” and refers to the steel containers used to store olive oils and balsamic vinegars. After traveling through Europe, the founder, Jim Milligan, decided that would be the perfect name for the shop he envisioned, just like the ones he visited across the pond. Fustini’s offers pairing suggestions and even has four cookbooks and all manner of fantastic, must-have accessories, such as tapas plates, grater dipping plates, and charcuterie boards. And yes, you can even buy fustini from them for your own stash.

And then there was the Holland Clock Company. They sell Black Forest cuckoo clocks imported from Germany. They also sell beer steins and nutcrackers, but the cuckoo clocks got all my attention. They looked just like the ones we saw in Austria and Germany–beautiful, intricately carved works of art and storytelling. 

And what would Holland be without a windmill? Back in 1964, the city acquired De Zwaan, the only authentic Dutch windmill operating in the U.S. It’s 251 years old and still turns and grinds wheat. You can see it at the municipal park, Windmill Island Gardens. Here’s a little trivia for you: before opening De Zwaan to the public, they sent for an expert from the Netherlands to refurbish it, and that fellow made a quick trip to New York City to be a guest on “What’s My Line,” the game show where a celebrity panel had to guess the unusual jobs that guests performed.

If you’ve never been to Holland, Michigan, put it on your list. It’s well worth the trip.

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

September 13, 2022 One More Thing

The Liberty Gazette

September 13, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: One more thing about Holland, Michigan. After the sunrise beach stroll, we figured we’d check out Big Red, the most photographed lighthouse in the state, then visit an airport that is shown on the FAA charts as closed, then do some gift shopping in the quaint town. The lighthouse, it turns out, is surrounded by private property and not accessible to the public. No problem. We’ve seen lots of lighthouses, like President Trump’s Turnberry Lighthouse in Ayr, Scotland (birthplace of Robert the Bruce, Scotland’s greatest king), which is open to the public. So seeing Big Red from afar was fine. That gave us more time for other things, like the former military training airfield along Ottawa Beach Road, Park Township Airport. It’s one of the oldest airports and the first to employ a woman-owned and managed Fixed Base Operator (FBO) in the Great Lakes state.

Park Township Airport began in 1937 as a private airfield managed by aviatrix Peg Malone. It was an airmail stop, and Peg had plans to offer regular passenger airline service between Milwaukee and New York, with stops at Holland, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, and Syracuse. However, effects of the Great Depression prevented that. 

Then, in 1939, the airfield was used to train more than 100 military pilots through a program with Hope College, and as a helicopter training ground as well. The runway is gone, but we traipsed all over the ramp taking pictures and poked around in the historic hangar, where Civil Air Patrol cadet squadron MI-135 still meets. The last chapter of the airport’s long and distinguished history was written two years ago, after a newer, bigger airport, Western Michigan Regional, had been serving the customers with more and better amenities. 

We had survived the entire sunrise beach walk and paid our respects to a piece of aviation history, all without coffee. It was time to bean-up. I pulled out my phone to start searching when suddenly, there we were, in front of KIN Coffee and Craft House, just down the street from the airport. It’s owned by a family with a small farm. Their story goes that they had seven sheep, and cousins Lynn and Jamie were visiting over a very large ball of wool from the farm (which wasn’t yet yarn, but they were working on that). After brainstorming about their shared interests and dreams, they made plans to convert an old Dutch barn into a gorgeous coffee shop. It’s a cozy place with books, crafts, and tasteful décor. I had an oat milk cappuccino and Mike had black coffee. We picked a table, one of the ones that snuggles up to a long, old wooden church pew bench on the wall-side. We gave our thanks and shared a perfect blueberry muffin, bursting with juicy berries. 

I know I said at the start of this, “One more thing about Holland,” but I didn’t realize I’d get to the end so quickly. So next week, we’ll have one more thing. Promise.

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

September 6, 2022 Zipping to the Mitten

The Liberty Gazette

September 6, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

Linda: A quick trip to the Great Lakes State gave us an opportunity to see the cemetery where Mike’s paternal grandparents are buried. He hadn’t been there in over 30 years, and fortunately, it’s a relatively small place. Although the section and lot numbers aren’t marked, we had no trouble locating the general area. Once in the vicinity, we saw the “Ely” monument standing proud, an American flag at the grave of Grandfather, Lewis Ely. Those interested in family history will appreciate the convenience of landing at a nearby airport and using the courtesy car to see these special patches of land. Within them are remains, but from them are memories, stories, life. 

Mike: My grandfather was a US Marine and fought in France during the Great War, a period he rarely spoke of until near the end of his life. He told us of the time he and another Marine were crossing a field while scouting when a German machine-gun opened fire. Their only cover was a pile of manure, into which they dove. The Germans kept them pinned, clipping the top of the pile until after dark, when they were able to sneak away. The story was ripe for jokes later.

Linda: We value the ability to zip around the continent in our Cheetah, land at small town airports, and visit more people and places in a day than we could do by car in a week. Thanks to a decent tailwind, we landed in Charlotte, Michigan just six hours after departing Baytown. After visiting the cemetery, we took to the skies again to visit my Scottish side of the family on their 10-acre slice of heaven they’ve dubbed “Rosebriar,” in Howell. We shared a night out on the town, and in the morning, fed the chickens and took a walk in the woods, where we spotted interesting plant life, including herbs, flowers, and mushrooms. Cousin Kevin explained that the state is the shape of a mitten and showed us how one’s palm can serve as a map. He and his wife live around that muscly part below the base of the thumb. We hopped all around the hand.

Mike: One of my old co-pilots retired to an airpark in Lake City, a short jaunt further north, so we met for lunch after a restful night at Rosebriar. Catching up is more fun to do in person than by email or phone. It also allows us to recreate old photos, like the one where we stood side-by-side, tilting our heads toward each other, representative of Learjet pilots (who fly in a small cockpit).

We looked forward to a couple of days in Holland, on the western shore of the Mitten State, at about the base of my pinkie finger. Linda woke me early for a sunrise beach stroll barefoot along Lake Michigan, shared only with birds, waves splashing, and the occasional blip from the beacon of a lighthouse or a boat disappearing over the distant horizon. 

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

August 30, 2022 The Pilot House

The Liberty Gazette

August 30, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

A few weeks ago, we discovered the Pilot House, a small hotel within walking distance of the airport on the island of Grosse Ile, Michigan. We were so enthralled by what we had read that we decided to fly upfor a visit. Our expectations were high, based on what we had learned, and we can now report that Grosse Ile is all we had hoped for and more. 

Ownership of the Pilot House is now in its second generation. Jim Cortis grew up on the island where his father, Artie, owned a print shop. He had relocated his shop to what is now the Pilot House, which had originally been barracks for employees of aircraft manufacturer Curtiss-Wright. During World War II, the Navy took over the airport, built up the runways, made it a Naval Air Station, and turned the barracks into an officers’ club. When the war was over, an entrepreneur leased the building and rented space to small businesses. One of his tenants was Artie Cortis.

According to Jim, that landlord disappeared one day in 1981, owing something like $10,000 in taxes. All the tenants were locked out with no access to their businesses. Besides Artie’s print shop, there was a trucking company, an embroidery shop, and a sporting goods mail order business. There may have been a lawyer too, but Jim doesn’t recall for sure, which is understandable. I’d want to forget that too. In order to access his business, Artie paid the debt and took over management of the building. After renting the space for weddings and other special events, he realized he needed to offer a better option than the bathroom for the brides to get dressed. That’s when he converted his first room, which turned out to be the start of his hotel business. 

Jim helped his father for many years, and after he passed, Jim took over the family business. His dedication to the hotel is evident in its fourteen impeccable rooms. The cleanliness is, honestly, at a higher standard than the major chain we stayed in the night before. While the layout of the hotel is basically unchanged, he brought the interior up to date, yet without abandoning the charm of days past. 

Walking from the airplane, across the ramp, past the old Naval Air Station hangar, it wasn’t a long trek to the Pilot House. A spacious covered porch, painted white, welcomed us cozily, adorning the front of the two-story brick building. Chairs grouped around a table make a friendly statement. Through the wooden double doors, we entered the lobby with its glass cases of memorabilia. Jim met us, signed us in, and showed us to our accommodations, which included a bedroom, living room, and kitchen.

Fortunately, Jim’s son, whose degree is in business finance, wants to follow in his father and grandfather’s footsteps and has big plans for the hotel. We found the Pilot House at Grosse Ile a comfortable and friendly place to stay for our Michigan adventures. 

ElyAirLines.blogspot.com

August 23, 2022 Pioneers of the Landscape

The Liberty Gazette

August 23, 2022

Ely Air Lines

By Mike Ely and Linda Street-Ely

A native of Kansas, a state which produced many of our earliest aviators, Royal Vearl Thomas was the second child born to Frank and Lillie Thomas. We don’t know much about his childhood, but we can imagine, as we reflect on stories of other children of the same era who witnessed the birth of aviation, that he might have similarly been that boy who looked up to the sky as a barnstormer flew low over a wheat field and ran as fast as his little legs could carry him to see an airplane up close and the lucky person who had just landed it. He probably got one of those penny-a-pound rides in a biplane, and if he did, surely he was hooked right away. 

We do know that R.V., as he was called, was a Lieutenant in the armed forces during World War I. We also know that he and Giuseppe Bellanca built a monoplane they named “Reliance,” and in it, he set an endurance record in 1927 for flying solo for 35 hours, 25 minutes, and 8 seconds, at Mitchel Field in New York. 

Meanwhile, two brothers from Pittsburgh moved to Arizona seeking adventure in tourism, photography, and film, which were also new industries. Ellsworth and Emery Kolb set up a studio at the Bright Angel Trailhead on the south rim of the Grand Canyon and sold their nature photographs in albums and tickets to view their 1911 movie of floating down the Colorado River from Colorado to Mexico, through the Grand Canyon. It was the first motion picture of its kind.

And how these to stories come together is that one day, Ellsworth Kolb offered R.V. Thomas one hundred dollars if he could land in the Grand Canyon and allow Ellsworth to ride along and film it. As soon as the stunt was approved by the park manager, R.V. took a burro ride down to find a landing spot.

This month marks the 100th anniversary since R.V. made a studied and calculated, but daring, landing on a five-hundred-foot strip of level grass he found inside the Grand Canyon. To this day, he is the only person to do that in an airplane. 

It's an amazing story that caught a lot of attention. In his own “Thomas Special” biplane, R.V. battled the unique and unpredictable swirling air currents and put on a show the park guests would never forget. He climbed up above the canyon, then put his airplane in a stall and spun down fast, pulling out of the stall-spin in time to land it. He stopped within fifty feet of an 1,800-foot drop. Getting it out of there would be another feat of great skill and luck. 

There’s a digital copy of the news story on the National Park Service website, which is well worth your time. The author’s description of the event, the pioneering characters, and the scene are superb, still breathtaking even one hundred years later. Highly recommended reading.

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